home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- BUSINESS, Page 42Good Ole Bad Boy
-
-
-
- A Texas S&L tycoon is indicted, but how many others will the
- U.S. nab?
-
- By JOHN E. GALLAGHER -- Reported by Jerome Cramer/Washington and
- Richard Woodbury/Houston
-
-
- For a while, Don Dixon stood tall in Texas. He was big rich,
- as Texans like to say. A successful real-estate developer, in
- 1982 he bought a tiny savings and loan in his hometown of
- Vernon and built it into a giant, at least on paper. By luring
- deposits from across the U.S. with high interest rates, Vernon
- S&L grew a spectacular 1,600% in just four years, making it one
- of the 20 largest thrifts in the state. But the S&L was lending
- money faster than it was coming in, often to projects on shaky
- financial footing. Meanwhile, Dixon indulged his taste for
- excess, notably a $22,000 gastronomic tour of Europe and a
- fleet of five airplanes. When federal regulators finally closed
- Vernon in 1987, they estimated that Dixon's extravagant
- ownership left taxpayers with a $1.3 billion bill, until then
- the largest single S&L mess in the U.S.
-
- The Government decided last week that Dixon should pay for
- his extravagance. In a 38-count criminal indictment, the
- Justice Department charged that Dixon illegally used the S&L's
- money to pay for political contributions, pleasure trips and
- rent on a California beach house. If he is convicted on all
- counts, Dixon could face a 190-year prison sentence and a fine
- of as much as $9.5 million dollars. (Dixon intends to plead
- innocent.) Eight Vernon officers have already been convicted,
- including Chairman Woody Lemons, who last week began serving
- a 30-year term, the longest to date for an S&L executive.
-
- The Dixon indictment signals an upsurge in charges against
- the culprits accused of causing the S&L mess, the biggest
- financial scandal in U.S. history. But the Dixon case
- underscored the difficulty of prosecuting complicated financial
- crimes. The Government took more than three years to build its
- case against Dixon alone. And U.S. officials have not yet
- investigated 7,000 more tips about possible fraud at S&Ls. With
- so many leads and limited resources, the Justice Department may
- be able to prosecute only the most egregious misdeeds that
- befell thrifts in the 1980s.
-
- The convictions, while satisfying for taxpayers, have done
- little to recoup the vast S&L losses. "We won't see any
- recovery near to the amount of losses," says Edward Dennis Jr.,
- an assistant U.S. attorney general. "We won't even get close."
- The Congressional Budget Office estimated last week that the
- Government's S&L cleanup bill may total $150 billion, three
- times as much as Congress approved for the job last year. With
- interest, the final total could run as high as $500 billion
- over 40 years. Without another infusion of federal money, the
- bailout fund will be broke by year's end.
-
- As the indictment describes him, Dixon embodied the
- high-rolling style of oil-patch opportunists. In the early
- 1980s Congress wrongheadedly tried to help struggling thrifts
- earn higher returns by liberating them to invest in virtually
- anything they wanted. Crafty entrepreneurs began building the
- S&Ls into fast-buck enterprises by sinking money into marinas,
- golf courses and even uranium mines.
-
- Dixon lived with panache, lounging at a posh beach house in
- Solana Beach, Calif., and entertaining Vernon executives in
- high style. Trouble was, the money for such perks allegedly
- came from the thrift's vaults. According to the indictment, the
- rent on Dixon's beach house was paid by an associate, Jack
- Atkinson, who had got loans from Vernon. All told, Atkinson
- paid $577,000 in rent through loans. When Vernon would no
- longer extend the credit, Dixon allegedly arranged for Atkinson
- to receive an extra $24,200 as a "consulting" fee, which also
- went toward the rent.
-
- The indictment charges that Vernon S&L picked up the tab for
- Dixon's personal trips and parties, some of them featuring
- prostitutes. Tagging along on several outings was the
- highest-ranking thrift regulator in Texas, Linton Bowman, who
- has not been charged with any wrongdoing. Dixon sought to win
- political allies with hard cash. He allegedly had Vernon make
- illegal contributions to the campaigns of such politicians as
- California Senator Alan Cranston, former House Majority Whip
- Tony Coelho and former House Speaker Jim Wright, all of whom
- have been tarnished by other connections to the S&L scandal.
- None of the campaigns were aware of the illegality of Dixon's
- contributions.
-
- Considering the enormity of Vernon's failure -- 96% of its
- loans were overdue when the Government took over -- the
- indictment strikes some critics as tardy and tame. The Justice
- Department contends that it has been moving as quickly as
- possible, although last year it left $26 million unspent out
- of a fraud-fighting budget of $75 million. "These complicated
- white-collar-crime cases take time to develop," says Attorney
- General Dick Thornburgh. In north Texas alone, the Government
- is investigating more than 500 individuals affiliated with 38
- different S&Ls.
-
- Under pressure from Congress, the Justice Department has
- been beefing up the staff and budget devoted to the scandals.
- The agency has $110 million to spend this year, which has
- enabled it to hire 368 more financial-fraud investigators, as
- well as 202 FBI agents and 118 more assistant U.S. attorneys.
- Congress may provide further help. One bill would create
- "strike forces" to investigate fraud and provide higher
- salaries for prosecutors of bank crimes. Says Nancy Kassebaum,
- the Kansas Republican who introduced the measure in the Senate
- last week: "It is time to take off the gloves and unleash our
- best and brightest prosecutors on the mess."
-
- After a slow start, the Bush Administration's bailout has
- been moving quickly. The Resolution Trust Corp., which is
- responsible for liquidating and selling off insolvent thrifts,
- has closed or sold 96 since the beginning of April and expects
- to handle another 45 by the end of this month. But the RTC's
- work load keeps growing; the CBO estimated last week that as
- many as 1,700 thrifts in the U.S. may collapse, more than half
- the S&L industry. The RTC has only enough money to deal with
- another 120 institutions at best. After that, the cleanup will
- come to a halt unless Congress comes up with more money.
-
- Sensing rising voter anger, some Democrats think they may
- be able to make political hay from the mess. Since four of the
- five Senators accused of being swayed by contributions from S&L
- owner Charles Keating are Democrats, that may not be too easy.
- Still, some Democrats believe the slow start of the bailout is
- a separate scandal for which the Bush Administration alone is
- responsible. "Unlike the first crisis, in this one there is not
- plenty of blame to go around," contends Congressman Charles
- Schumer of New York.
-
- As the S&L cleanup bill mounts, political mudslinging is
- likely to increase. "The Government needs a sideshow to shift
- focus from the cost of dealing with the problem," says Paul
- Horvitz, a finance professor at the University of Houston. At
- this point, the biggest new scandal would be to push the
- increased bailout cost into the future by borrowing more money.
- Felix Rohatyn, the Manhattan investment banker and fiscal
- gadfly, proposed last week that the Government pay for the
- bailout with a 5% surcharge on federal income taxes, which
- could raise $25 billion to $35 billion a year. Borrowing the
- money instead, he said, would amount to "leaving it to our
- children to pay off our own stupidity."
-
- While a tax surcharge would be politically unpopular, it
- would be swift in its work. When the last failed S&L was closed
- and the last offender jailed, the scandal would finally be
- over.
-
-
- ____________________________________________________________ THE
- CHARGE:
-
- Hoping to curry favor, Dixon made illegal contributions to
- candidates.
-
- THE CHARGE:
-
- Dixon and the state S&L commissioner went on a hunting trip
- to Kansas.
-
- THE CHARGE:
-
- One of the lavish parties featured a yacht cruise in San
- Diego harbor.
-
- THE CHARGE:
-
- To pay rent on his beach house, Dixon tapped a colleague's
- loan.
-
- THE CHARGE:
-
- Among its dubious deals, Vernon bought three exotic-car
- dealerships.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-